diff --git a/src/vamp_zero/score.cpp b/src/vamp_zero/score.cpp
index c5617ef..72fb25f 100644
--- a/src/vamp_zero/score.cpp
+++ b/src/vamp_zero/score.cpp
@@ -84,9 +84,11 @@ constexpr auto thin_barline_thickness_spaces = std::float32_t{0.16F};
 constexpr auto thick_barline_thickness_spaces = std::float32_t{0.50F};
 constexpr auto tie_thickness_spaces = std::float32_t{0.13F};
 constexpr auto normal_stem_length_spaces = std::float32_t{3.50F};
-constexpr auto preamble_vertical_correction_spaces = std::float32_t{0.50F};
-constexpr auto stem_head_horizontal_overlap_spaces = std::float32_t{0.06F};
-constexpr auto stem_head_vertical_overlap_spaces = std::float32_t{0.38F};
+constexpr auto clef_vertical_correction_spaces = std::float32_t{1.00F};
+constexpr auto key_signature_vertical_correction_spaces = std::float32_t{0.50F};
+constexpr auto time_signature_vertical_correction_spaces = std::float32_t{0.50F};
+constexpr auto stem_head_horizontal_overlap_spaces = std::float32_t{0.20F};
+constexpr auto stem_head_vertical_overlap_spaces = std::float32_t{0.45F};
 constexpr auto measure_right_guard_spaces = std::float32_t{2.05F};
 constexpr auto chord_above_staff_spaces = std::float32_t{3.65F};
 constexpr auto chord_clearance_spaces = std::float32_t{0.45F};
@@ -923,7 +925,7 @@ auto layout_clef(vamp_zero::score_page_layout& layout, std::string_view clef, st
   auto reference_pitch = codepoint == glyph_f_clef
     ? vamp_zero::score_pitch{.letter = 'f', .octave = 3}
     : vamp_zero::score_pitch{.letter = 'g', .octave = 4};
-  auto baseline_y = pitch_y(reference_pitch, staff_top, spacing, clef) + scaled(preamble_vertical_correction_spaces, spacing);
+  auto baseline_y = pitch_y(reference_pitch, staff_top, spacing, clef) + scaled(clef_vertical_correction_spaces, spacing);
   auto origin = origin_for_left_baseline(codepoint, x, baseline_y, spacing);
   add_glyph(layout, vamp_zero::score_layout_item_role::CLEF, codepoint, origin, spacing, score_ink(), system_index);
   return glyph_width(codepoint, spacing) + spacing * 0.90F;
@@ -996,7 +998,7 @@ auto layout_key_signature(
   auto const total = static_cast<std::size_t>(std::abs(count));
   for (auto index = std::size_t{}; index < total; ++index) {
     auto pitch = key_signature_pitch(count, index, clef);
-    auto baseline_y = pitch_y(pitch, staff_top, spacing, clef) + scaled(preamble_vertical_correction_spaces, spacing);
+    auto baseline_y = pitch_y(pitch, staff_top, spacing, clef) + scaled(key_signature_vertical_correction_spaces, spacing);
     add_glyph(
       layout,
       vamp_zero::score_layout_item_role::KEY_SIGNATURE,
@@ -1078,8 +1080,9 @@ auto layout_time_signature(
   if (width <= 0.0F) {
     return 0.0F;
   }
-  layout_time_signature_run(layout, numerator, x + (width - numerator_width) * 0.5F, staff_top + spacing * 1.5F, spacing, system_index);
-  layout_time_signature_run(layout, denominator, x + (width - denominator_width) * 0.5F, staff_top + spacing * 3.5F, spacing, system_index);
+  auto const vertical_correction = scaled(time_signature_vertical_correction_spaces, spacing);
+  layout_time_signature_run(layout, numerator, x + (width - numerator_width) * 0.5F, staff_top + spacing * 1.5F + vertical_correction, spacing, system_index);
+  layout_time_signature_run(layout, denominator, x + (width - denominator_width) * 0.5F, staff_top + spacing * 3.5F + vertical_correction, spacing, system_index);
   return width + spacing * 0.95F;
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/test.cpp b/tests/test.cpp
index 2c769f3..f3604b5 100644
--- a/tests/test.cpp
+++ b/tests/test.cpp
@@ -174,6 +174,10 @@ auto right_edge(vamp_zero::score_layout_item const& item) -> std::float32_t {
   return item.bounds.x + item.bounds.width;
 }
 
+auto left_edge(vamp_zero::score_layout_item const& item) -> std::float32_t {
+  return item.bounds.x;
+}
+
 auto bottom_edge(vamp_zero::score_layout_item const& item) -> std::float32_t {
   return item.bounds.y + item.bounds.height;
 }
@@ -182,6 +186,26 @@ auto near(std::float32_t left, std::float32_t right) -> std::bool_t {
   return std::abs(left - right) < 0.02F;
 }
 
+void expect_up_stem_connected(vamp_zero::score_layout_item const& head, vamp_zero::score_layout_item const& stem, std::float32_t staff_spacing) {
+  auto const overlap = right_edge(head) - stem.from.x;
+  BOOST_TEST(overlap >= staff_spacing * 0.12F);
+  BOOST_TEST(overlap <= staff_spacing * 0.45F);
+  BOOST_TEST(stem.from.x > left_edge(head));
+  BOOST_TEST(stem.from.y > head.bounds.y);
+  BOOST_TEST(stem.from.y < bottom_edge(head));
+  BOOST_TEST(stem.to.y < stem.from.y);
+}
+
+void expect_down_stem_connected(vamp_zero::score_layout_item const& head, vamp_zero::score_layout_item const& stem, std::float32_t staff_spacing) {
+  auto const overlap = stem.from.x - left_edge(head);
+  BOOST_TEST(overlap >= staff_spacing * 0.12F);
+  BOOST_TEST(overlap <= staff_spacing * 0.45F);
+  BOOST_TEST(stem.from.x < right_edge(head));
+  BOOST_TEST(stem.from.y > head.bounds.y);
+  BOOST_TEST(stem.from.y < bottom_edge(head));
+  BOOST_TEST(stem.to.y > stem.from.y);
+}
+
 auto test_database_config(std::filesystem::path const& path) -> vamp_zero::database_config {
   return {
     .path = path.string(),
@@ -543,11 +567,11 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(score_layout_orders_preamble_on_staff_baselines) {
 
   BOOST_TEST(clefs.front()->bounds.x < keys.front()->bounds.x);
   BOOST_TEST(keys.front()->bounds.x < times.front()->bounds.x);
-  BOOST_TEST(near(clefs.front()->origin.y, staff_lines.front()->from.y + layout.staff_spacing * 3.5F));
+  BOOST_TEST(near(clefs.front()->origin.y, staff_lines.front()->from.y + layout.staff_spacing * 4.0F));
   BOOST_TEST(near(keys.front()->origin.y, staff_lines.front()->from.y + layout.staff_spacing * 2.5F));
   BOOST_REQUIRE_GE(times.size(), 2U);
-  BOOST_TEST(near(times[0]->origin.y, staff_lines.front()->from.y + layout.staff_spacing * 1.5F));
-  BOOST_TEST(near(times[1]->origin.y, staff_lines.front()->from.y + layout.staff_spacing * 3.5F));
+  BOOST_TEST(near(times[0]->origin.y, staff_lines.front()->from.y + layout.staff_spacing * 2.0F));
+  BOOST_TEST(near(times[1]->origin.y, staff_lines.front()->from.y + layout.staff_spacing * 4.0F));
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(score_system_ranges_force_breaks_before_key_changes) {
@@ -627,19 +651,29 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(score_page_count_uses_forced_notation_breaks) {
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(score_layout_attaches_stems_to_notehead_anchors) {
-  auto score = score_with_notes({note({pitch('d', "n")})});
-  auto layout = vamp_zero::layout_score_page({.x = 0.0F, .y = 0.0F, .width = 976.0F, .height = 484.0F}, score, 0U);
+  auto up_score = score_with_notes({note({pitch('d', "n")})});
+  auto up_layout = vamp_zero::layout_score_page({.x = 0.0F, .y = 0.0F, .width = 976.0F, .height = 484.0F}, up_score, 0U);
+  auto up_heads = layout_items(up_layout, vamp_zero::score_layout_item_role::NOTEHEAD, 0U, 0U, 0U);
+  auto up_stems = layout_items(up_layout, vamp_zero::score_layout_item_role::STEM, 0U, 0U, 0U);
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(up_heads.size(), 1U);
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(up_stems.size(), 1U);
+  expect_up_stem_connected(*up_heads.front(), *up_stems.front(), up_layout.staff_spacing);
 
-  auto heads = layout_items(layout, vamp_zero::score_layout_item_role::NOTEHEAD, 0U, 0U, 0U);
-  auto stems = layout_items(layout, vamp_zero::score_layout_item_role::STEM, 0U, 0U, 0U);
-  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(heads.size(), 1U);
-  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(stems.size(), 1U);
+  auto down_score = score_with_notes({note({pitch('c', "n", 6)})});
+  auto down_layout = vamp_zero::layout_score_page({.x = 0.0F, .y = 0.0F, .width = 976.0F, .height = 484.0F}, down_score, 0U);
+  auto down_heads = layout_items(down_layout, vamp_zero::score_layout_item_role::NOTEHEAD, 0U, 0U, 0U);
+  auto down_stems = layout_items(down_layout, vamp_zero::score_layout_item_role::STEM, 0U, 0U, 0U);
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(down_heads.size(), 1U);
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(down_stems.size(), 1U);
+  expect_down_stem_connected(*down_heads.front(), *down_stems.front(), down_layout.staff_spacing);
 
-  BOOST_TEST(stems.front()->from.x < heads.front()->bounds.x + heads.front()->bounds.width);
-  BOOST_TEST(stems.front()->from.x > heads.front()->bounds.x + heads.front()->bounds.width - layout.staff_spacing * 0.25F);
-  BOOST_TEST(stems.front()->from.y > heads.front()->bounds.y);
-  BOOST_TEST(stems.front()->from.y < heads.front()->bounds.y + heads.front()->bounds.height);
-  BOOST_TEST(stems.front()->to.y < stems.front()->from.y);
+  auto half_score = score_with_notes({note_with_ticks({pitch('d', "n")}, 8192)});
+  auto half_layout = vamp_zero::layout_score_page({.x = 0.0F, .y = 0.0F, .width = 976.0F, .height = 484.0F}, half_score, 0U);
+  auto half_heads = layout_items(half_layout, vamp_zero::score_layout_item_role::NOTEHEAD, 0U, 0U, 0U);
+  auto half_stems = layout_items(half_layout, vamp_zero::score_layout_item_role::STEM, 0U, 0U, 0U);
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(half_heads.size(), 1U);
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(half_stems.size(), 1U);
+  expect_up_stem_connected(*half_heads.front(), *half_stems.front(), half_layout.staff_spacing);
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(score_layout_displaces_chord_seconds_and_columns_accidentals) {